Pdf in vitro regeneration, detection of somaclonal. Propagation a particular feature of the oil palm with. The main factors that influence the variation generated from tissue culture are 1. In the present investigation, optimal media compositions for enhancing the callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration were worked out in sugarcane saccharum spp. Somaclonal variation can be manifested as either somatically or meiotically stable events. Regeneration and evaluation of sugarcane somaclonal variants for drought tolerance article pdf available in sugar tech 61. Somaclonal variations may reduce two years the time required for the release of new variety compared to mutation breeding. Most of these variations are the results of significant changes in cytoplasmic or nuclear. Crop improvement by conventional method in vegetatively propagated crops like sugarcane is very difficult due to its narrow. The usefulness of variation was first demonstrated through the recovery of disease resistant plants in potato resistance against late blight and early blight and sugarcane resistance against eyespot disease, fiji disease and downy mildew. Sugarcane, somaclonal variations, red rot, scmv, candidate. Sugarcane, somaclonal variations, red rot, scmv, candidate genes, genetic integrity.
Assessment of genetic variability in somaclonal population of sugarcane. This variation arising from cell and tissue cultures is called somaclonal variation that can be geneticepigenetic in nature. Applications of somaclonal variations biology discussion. Genetic variation found to occur between somaclones in plant tissue cultures was called somaclonal variation. Determining the genetic stability of micropropagated. Explants can be taken from any part of plant leaves, roots, internodes, ovaries etc. The nature of genotype of the plants influences the frequency of regeneration and frequency of production of somaclones. Tissue cultureasexual embryos form from roots and allows clonal propagation but there have been problems with somaclonal variation. The possible mechanisms causing somaclonal variation. This variation includes aneuploids, sterile plants and morphological variants, sometimes involving traits of economic importance in case of crop plants. Somaclonal variations have largely contributed towards the development of disease resistance in many crops e. The recovery of somaclones can be increased by combining. Article induction and evaluation of somaclonal variation in sugarcane saccharum officinarum l. Pdf sugarcane is a complex allopolyploid hybrid with erratic flowering.
Due to limited genetic system andor narrow genetic base, somaclonal variation is more rewarding in sugarcane. Plant tissue culture or micropropagation technique is the rapid method to multiply newly released cultivar in limited time. Sources of variations detected in plant tissue culture. The occurrence of somaclonal variation is both a boon and bane. Determining the genetic stability of micropropagated sugarcane using intersimple sequence repeat markers b. The presence of somaclonal variation in populations derived from tissue culture is affecting the use of tissue culture negatively and has remained a major problem. The field grown somaclones were characterized for yield and quality. Isd16 mohashweta roy1, monzur hossain2, animesh biswas1, rafiul islam2, shipra rani sarker2 and sharoni akhter3 1department of botany, govt. Pdf regeneration and evaluation of sugarcane somaclonal. Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural crops. Variations were recorded based on cytogenetic, morphological and enzyme profiles. Somaclonal variation refers to the variation arising in cell cultures, regenerated. Genetic variations in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture and can be detected as genetic or phenotypic traits. The aim of this study was to identify somaclonal variation in sugarcane varieties rb943365 and rb92579 arising from.
Somaclonal variations and their applications in horticultural. Somaclonal variation caused by the process of tissue culture is also called tissue culture induced variation to more speci. But most variants are recovered by progeny of tissue culture regenerated plants r1 generation. It is well known that increasing numbers of subculture increases the likelihood of somaclonal variation, so the number of subcultures in micropropagation protocols. Somaclonal variation can be termed as the appearance of variation among the clonally achieved somatic cells. Studying the somaclonal variation within transgenic sugarcane populations and cultured cells a population of transgenic sugarcane saccharum hybrid cv. Pdf cell and tissue culture approaches serve as an important and an easily accessible source for the creation and utilization of variability in. Somaclonal variation has been described in apple, sugar cane, potato, tomato etc.
Article induction and evaluation of somaclonal variation. The term somaclonal variation is a phenomenon of broad taxonomic occurrence, reported for species of different ploidy levels, and for outcrossing and inbreeding, vegetatively and seed propagated, and cultivated and non. Somaclonal variation for sugarcane improvement springerlink. It is extensively employed in the production, conservation and improvement of plant resources. Somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. Somaclonal variation includes aneuploids, sterile plants and morphological variants, sometimes involving traits of economic importance in case of crop plants.
Somaclonals tolerance to salinity via in vitro and in vivo. These clones have different discard percentages and were categorized according to the in vitro visual frequency of somaclonal variation symptoms abnormal in vitro plantlets in two groups. Tissue culture is an efficient method of clonal propagation. The variations among the somatic cells are of phenotypic as well genotypic in nature. Eight genotypes of saccharum officinarum were crossed with saccharum spontaneum and 14 genotypes of s. Somaclones of nia1198 were developed through callus culture and subjected to field trials under randomized complete block design with three. Combine picture of candidate genes with exon regions gel purified pcr. Somaclonal variation an overview sciencedirect topics.
Somaclonal variation in combination with in vitro mutagenesis and selection has been applied for the isolation of agronomically useful mutants. Somaclonal variations was a good source of genetic improvement of sugarcane for disease resistance with no snp changes in candidate genes. Somaclonal variation, structural variation, genetic engineering, biotechnology, transgenic crops, soybean. Somaclonal variation is an important tool for creating genetic diversity in sugarcane. These 39 hybrids were raised in the field and used as donor clones for in vitro culture studies. Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture. Somaclonal variation and its application in ornamentals. Pdf somaclonal variations for red rot and sugarcane mosaic virus. Ja605 genotypes expressing a tcryla b gene introduced by cell electroporation were evaluated under severe borer.
Because there is a chance of result of unwanted offtypes that reduces the commercial value. These somaclonal variations are mainly caused by newly generated mutations arising from tissue culture process sato et al. Sugarcane callus culture susceptibility to redrot disease yes singh et al. Cell and tissue culture approaches serve as an important and an easily accessible source for the creation and utilization of variability in sugarcane improvement programmes. Advantages of somaclonal variations help in crop improvement creation of additional genetic varitions increased and improved production ofsecondary metabolites selection of plants resistant to varioustoxins, herbicides, high salt concentrationand mineral toxicity suitable for breeding of tree species. Pdf somaclonal variation as a tool for crop improvement. A study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to assess the variability arising from callus regeneration and its vegetative transmission in a. In vitro regeneration, detection of somaclonal variation and screening for mosaic virus in sugarcane saccharum spp. The occurrence of subtle somaclonal variation is a drawback for both in. In this article, we will discuss about the possible mechanisms causing somaclonal variations. Although the direct formation of plant structures from meristem cultures, without any. Saurabh bhatia, kiran sharma, in modern applications of plant biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, 2015. Changes not related highest resistance in a nontransgenic callusderived plant. Plant tissue culture has become one of the fundamental tools of plant science research.
Pdf assessment of genetic variability in somaclonal. During plant propagation process under laboratory conditions, the genomic shock is induced which can result in the activation of various transposons, retrotransposons, chromosomal changes, methylation and demethylation of dna leading to somaclonal variation. In vitro generation of somaclonal variant plants of sugarcane saccharum spp. The main factors that influence the variation generated from tissue culture are 1 the degree of departure from organised growth, 2 the genotype, 3 growth regulators and 4 tissue source. The hawaian sugar planters association experimental station recorded genetic variation among sugarcane plants regenerated from tissue culture. Variations in number and structure of chromosomes are commonly observed. Chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of this variation. During plant propagation process under laboratory conditions, the genomic shock is induced. Somaclonal variation is a tool that can be used by plant breeders. Coexpression network analysis reveals transcription. When genetic variation is observed in plants which have been regenerated in vitro often the result of genetic instability, then the term somaclonal variation is used scowcroft, 1985. In vitro generation of somaclonal variant plants of.
However, it should be remembered that variation and mutations can also occur during in vivo propagation orton, 1984. A case study with olive 125 whereas in vitro the loss of cellular control, which gives rise to disorganised growth, is a characteristic of somaclonal variation 6,19. The source of explant is very critical for somaclonal variations. Dna methylation in sugarcane somaclonal variants assessed. However, ever since the first formal report of morphological variants in sugarcane plants produced.
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